Bert Rudels received his PhD in oceanography at Gothenburg University, Sweden, and has worked at the Norwegian Polar Institute in Oslo, Norway, and at the Oceanographic Institution at the University of Hamburg, Germany. He began working at the Finnish Marine Institute in Helsinki, Finland, in 1997, and in 2008 he became a professor of Geophysics at the University of Helsinki. He currently works at the Finnish Meteorological Institute. He received the Nansen Medal of the European Geophysical Union in 2011. Dr. Rudels is currently a research professor (Emeritus) at the Finnish Meteorological Institute.