Amy Austin Holmes is Associate Professor of Sociology at the American University in Cairo, Visiting Scholar at the Weatherhead Center of Harvard University, and Fellow at the Woodrow Wilson International Center for Scholars. She is the author of Social Unrest and American Military Bases in Turkey and Germany since 1945. Having spent a decade living in the Middle East through the period known as the Arab Spring, she has published numerous articles on Egypt, Turkey, Bahrain, and the Kurdish regions of Iraq and Syria. She has written about human rights violations including the Rabaa/Nahda massacre which she witnessed in August 2013; the crackdown on civil society; as well as the issue of US military aid to Egypt.